1D:Dialog Orientation - Versionsgeschichte

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

2009-03-16T08:08:42Z

Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 16. März 2009, 10:08 Uhr
Zeile 188:		Zeile 188:
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	The <B>rain deposition factor~~</B>~~ F<SMALL>D</SMALL> describes the influences of the		The <B>rain deposition factor F<SMALL>D</SMALL></B> describes the influences of the
	building itself. ASHRAE Standard 160P prescribes the following estimated values:		building itself. ASHRAE Standard 160P prescribes the following estimated values:
	</P>		</P>

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

2009-03-16T08:07:32Z

Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 16. März 2009, 10:07 Uhr
Zeile 89:		Zeile 89:
	[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]		[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]
	<BR>		<BR>
	This method uses the relation		This method uses the relation<br />
	Driving rain load = rain · F<SMALL>E</SMALL> · F<SMALL>D</SMALL>		Driving rain load = rain · F<SMALL>E</SMALL> · F<SMALL>D</SMALL>
	· 0.2 s/m · wind speed,		· 0.2 s/m · wind speed,

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

2009-03-16T08:06:37Z

Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 16. März 2009, 10:06 Uhr
Zeile 73:		Zeile 73:
	<P>		<P>
	:R1 and R2 are strongly dependent on the specific location on the building facade.		:R1 and R2 are strongly dependent on the specific location on the building facade.
	For vertical surfaces, R1 is zero. R2 is about 0.2 s/m for free-standing locations		:For vertical surfaces, R1 is zero. R2 is about 0.2 s/m for free-standing locations without influence from surrounding buildings etc.; it is markedly less in the center of a facade (e.g. 0.07 s/m); it may even be greater at exposed locations of a building (near edges and corners).
	without influence from surrounding buildings etc.; it is markedly less in the center
	of a facade (e.g. 0.07 s/m); it may even be greater at exposed locations of a
	building (near edges and corners).
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	:If you have selected an inclination of 90° for your component, WUFI offers you		:If you have selected an inclination of 90° for your component, WUFI offers you a few predefined rain coefficients: one for a low building and three for different <B>height</B>s on a tall building. Advanced 3-D computational fluid dynamics simulations of droplet flow have been used by [Karagiozis and Hadjisophocleous, 1997] to determine these coefficients. Select the coefficients by clicking on the graphical building symbols or by choosing them from the drop-down list.
	a few predefined rain coefficients: one for a low building and three for different
	<B>height</B>s on a tall building. Advanced 3-D computational fluid dynamics
	simulations of droplet flow have been used by [Karagiozis and Hadjisophocleous, 1997]
	to determine these coefficients. Select the coefficients by clicking on the graphical
	building symbols or by choosing them from the drop-down list.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	:Of course, you can also enter arbitrary rain coefficients in the text boxes. In		:Of course, you can also enter arbitrary rain coefficients in the text boxes. In particular, you can use experimental values that have been measured for a specific location.
	particular, you can use experimental values that have been measured for a
	specific location.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	:If you have selected another inclination than 90°, the situation becomes too		:If you have selected another inclination than 90°, the situation becomes too complex to be cast into a simple multiple-choice option list. In this case WUFI defaults to the rain coefficients R1=1 and R2=0 (i.e. rain load = normal rain). It is then up to you to determine and enter appropriate rain coefficients.<BR>
	complex to be cast into a simple multiple-choice option list. In this case WUFI
	defaults to the rain coefficients R1=1 and R2=0 (i.e. rain load = normal rain).
	It is then up to you to determine and enter appropriate rain coefficients.<BR>
	<BR>		<BR>

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

2009-03-16T08:03:51Z

Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 16. März 2009, 10:03 Uhr
Zeile 65:		Zeile 65:

	<P>		<P>
	The <B>driving rain coefficients R1 and R2</B> serve to estimate the driving rain load on a surface of arbitrary orientation and inclination from data on normal rain, wind velocity and mean wind direction, using the relation		*The <B>driving rain coefficients R1 and R2</B> serve to estimate the driving rain load on a surface of arbitrary orientation and inclination from data on normal rain, wind velocity and mean wind direction, using the relation
	</P>		</P>

			: Driving rain load = rain · (R1 + R2 · wind velocity),<br />
			:where 'rain' is the normal rain and 'wind velocity' is that component of the mean wind velocity (measured at a height of 10 m, in open area), which is orthogonal to the building surface. This component is determined from the mean wind velocity and the mean wind direction. The data on normal rain, wind velocity and wind direction are read from the [[1D:Dialog_Climate \| selected weather file]].

	<P>		<P>
	~~ Driving rain load = rain · (R1 + R2 · wind velocity),~~		:R1 and R2 are strongly dependent on the specific location on the building facade.
	~~</P>~~
	~~<P>~~
	~~where 'rain' is the normal rain and 'wind velocity' is that component of the mean~~
	~~wind velocity (measured at a height of 10 m, in open area), which is orthogonal~~
	~~to the building surface. This component is determined from the mean wind velocity~~
	~~and the mean wind direction. The data on normal rain, wind velocity and wind~~
	~~direction are read from the [[1D~~:~~Dialog_Climate \| selected weather file]].~~
	~~</P>~~
	~~<P>~~
	R1 and R2 are strongly dependent on the specific location on the building facade.
	For vertical surfaces, R1 is zero. R2 is about 0.2 s/m for free-standing locations		For vertical surfaces, R1 is zero. R2 is about 0.2 s/m for free-standing locations
	without influence from surrounding buildings etc.; it is markedly less in the center		without influence from surrounding buildings etc.; it is markedly less in the center
Zeile 85:		Zeile 79:
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	If you have selected an inclination of 90° for your component, WUFI offers you		:If you have selected an inclination of 90° for your component, WUFI offers you
	a few predefined rain coefficients: one for a low building and three for different		a few predefined rain coefficients: one for a low building and three for different
	<B>height</B>s on a tall building. Advanced 3-D computational fluid dynamics		<B>height</B>s on a tall building. Advanced 3-D computational fluid dynamics
Zeile 93:		Zeile 87:
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	Of course, you can also enter arbitrary rain coefficients in the text boxes. In		:Of course, you can also enter arbitrary rain coefficients in the text boxes. In
	particular, you can use experimental values that have been measured for a		particular, you can use experimental values that have been measured for a
	specific location.		specific location.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	If you have selected another inclination than 90°, the situation becomes too		:If you have selected another inclination than 90°, the situation becomes too
	complex to be cast into a simple multiple-choice option list. In this case WUFI		complex to be cast into a simple multiple-choice option list. In this case WUFI
	defaults to the rain coefficients R1=1 and R2=0 (i.e. rain load = normal rain).		defaults to the rain coefficients R1=1 and R2=0 (i.e. rain load = normal rain).

Len am 15. September 2008 um 14:31 Uhr

2008-09-15T14:31:31Z

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 15. September 2008, 16:31 Uhr
Zeile 104:		Zeile 104:
	<BR>		<BR>

	* Alternatively, the driving rain load on a vertical wall can be estimated with the method of <B>ASHRAE Standard 160P</B> "Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings" (Draft July 2006):		* Alternatively, the driving rain load on a vertical wall can be estimated with the method of <B>ASHRAE Standard 160P</B> "Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings" (Draft July 2006):<br>

	[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]		[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]
	<P>		<BR>
	This method uses the relation		This method uses the relation
	~~</P>~~
	~~<P>~~
	Driving rain load = rain · F<SMALL>E</SMALL> · F<SMALL>D</SMALL>		Driving rain load = rain · F<SMALL>E</SMALL> · F<SMALL>D</SMALL>
	· 0.2 s/m · wind speed,		· 0.2 s/m · wind speed,

Len: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

2008-09-15T14:29:00Z

Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 15. September 2008, 16:29 Uhr
Zeile 104:		Zeile 104:
	<BR>		<BR>

	~~<P>~~
	* Alternatively, the driving rain load on a vertical wall can be estimated with the method of <B>ASHRAE Standard 160P</B> "Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings" (Draft July 2006):		* Alternatively, the driving rain load on a vertical wall can be estimated with the method of <B>ASHRAE Standard 160P</B> "Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings" (Draft July 2006):
	~~</P>~~
	[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]		[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]
	<P>		<P>

Len am 15. September 2008 um 14:28 Uhr

2008-09-15T14:28:04Z

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 15. September 2008, 16:28 Uhr
Zeile 42:		Zeile 42:
	The <B>inclination</B> <FONT COLOR="#FF0000"><B>(2)</B></FONT> is the angle at which		The <B>inclination</B> <FONT COLOR="#FF0000"><B>(2)</B></FONT> is the angle at which
	the surface is tilted with respect to the horizontal. It is needed for calculating the		the surface is tilted with respect to the horizontal. It is needed for calculating the
	~~<A HREF="ClimateData.htm">~~rain and radiation loads~~</A>~~ incident on the surface.		[[Details:Climate \| rain and radiation loads]] incident on the surface.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
Zeile 121:		Zeile 121:
	determined from the mean wind velocity and the mean wind direction.		determined from the mean wind velocity and the mean wind direction.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	The value 0.2 s/m is an empirical constant. The <B>rain exposure factor</B>		The value 0.2 s/m is an empirical constant. The <B>rain exposure factor</B>
	F<SMALL>E</SMALL> depends on the surrounding terrain and the height of the building.		F<SMALL>E</SMALL> depends on the surrounding terrain and the height of the building.
	ASHRAE Standard 160P recommends the following values:		ASHRAE Standard 160P recommends the following values:
	</P>		</P>
	<TABLE BORDER="0">		<TABLE BORDER="0">
	<TR><TD> </TD>		<TR><TD> </TD>
Zeile 204:		Zeile 204:
	<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>		<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
	</TABLE>		</TABLE>
	<P>		<P>
	Open exposure also includes hilltops, coastal areas and funneled wind (e.g. from		Open exposure also includes hilltops, coastal areas and funneled wind (e.g. from
	tall buildings nearby). Sheltered exposure includes shelter from trees, nearby		tall buildings nearby). Sheltered exposure includes shelter from trees, nearby
	buildings, or a valley.		buildings, or a valley.
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>
	The <B>rain deposition factor</B> F<SMALL>D</SMALL> describes the influences of the		The <B>rain deposition factor</B> F<SMALL>D</SMALL> describes the influences of the
	building itself. ASHRAE Standard 160P prescribes the following estimated values:		building itself. ASHRAE Standard 160P prescribes the following estimated values:
	</P>		</P>
	<TABLE>		<TABLE>
	<TR><TD WIDTH="20"> </TD>		<TR><TD WIDTH="20"> </TD>
Zeile 230:		Zeile 230:
	</TR>		</TR>
	</TABLE>		</TABLE>
	<P>		<P>
	Rain runoff onto walls may occur from roofs or impermeable surfaces, such as windows.<BR>		Rain runoff onto walls may occur from roofs or impermeable surfaces, such as windows.<BR>
	<BR>		<BR>
	</P>		</P>
	~~</LI>~~
	~~</UL~~>

	<P>		<P>
Zeile 243:		Zeile 241:
	is not essential (whereas the duration of the rain is still important) and fairly plausible		is not essential (whereas the duration of the rain is still important) and fairly plausible
	estimates for the driving rain load are usually sufficient (the same is true for the		estimates for the driving rain load are usually sufficient (the same is true for the
	~~<A HREF="~~RainReductionFactor~~.htm">~~rain reduction factor~~</A>~~).		[[Details:RainReductionFactor \| rain reduction factor]]).
	</P>		</P>
	<P>		<P>

Len: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: = Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height = Bild:DialogOrientierung_03.gif
This dialog panel serves to define the orientation, inclination and positioning ...

2008-09-15T14:24:35Z

Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: = Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height = Bild:DialogOrientierung_03.gif This dialog panel serves to define the orientation, inclination and positioning ...

Neue Seite

= Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height =

[[Bild:DialogOrientierung_03.gif]]


This dialog panel serves to define the orientation, inclination and positioning of
the building component.


These specifications are necessary if the boundary conditions acting on the
left side of the component are being read from a file of
[[Details:WET-File | *.WET]],
[[Details:TRY-File | *.TRY]],
[[Details:DAT-File | *.DAT]],
[[Details:WAC-File | *.WAC]],
[[Details:IWC-File | *.IWC]] or
[[Details:WBC-File | *.WBC]] type. In all other cases solar radiation
and rain either do not occur, or they have already been converted for the orientation
and inclination in question. The dialog is then deactivated.


The orientation (1) is the compass direction
towards which the building component is facing. It is needed for calculating
the [[Details:Climate | rain and radiation loads]] incident on the surface.


You can choose between eight predefined directions:

<CENTER>
N - NE - E - SE - S - SW - W - NW
</CENTER>

Enter the orientation by clicking on the compass display or by selecting it from the
drop-down list.


Version notice: WUFI light and WUFI ORNL/IBP are restricted to the four cardinal directions. 
  



The inclination (2) is the angle at which
the surface is tilted with respect to the horizontal. It is needed for calculating the
<A HREF="ClimateData.htm">rain and radiation loads</A> incident on the surface.


You can enter arbitrary inclinations between 90° (wall) and 0° (flat roof) by
* dragging the building component symbolized in the graphical display to the desired inclination,
* entering the inclination into the text box,
* entering the inclination by means of the spin control next to the text box.



Version notice: WUFI light and WUFI ORNL/IBP only allow the
inclinations 0° and 90°. 
  



The driving rain coefficients (3) are used
to estimate the [[Details:Climate | driving rain load]] on the building component.
The rain load on a wall is determined by the driving rain rather than the normal rain.
Two different methods are offered by WUFI:



The driving rain coefficients R1 and R2 serve to estimate the driving rain load on a surface of arbitrary orientation and inclination from data on normal rain, wind velocity and mean wind direction, using the relation


 Driving rain load = rain · (R1 + R2 · wind velocity),


where 'rain' is the normal rain and 'wind velocity' is that component of the mean
wind velocity (measured at a height of 10 m, in open area), which is orthogonal
to the building surface. This component is determined from the mean wind velocity
and the mean wind direction. The data on normal rain, wind velocity and wind
direction are read from the [[1D:Dialog_Climate | selected weather file]].


R1 and R2 are strongly dependent on the specific location on the building facade.
For vertical surfaces, R1 is zero. R2 is about 0.2 s/m for free-standing locations
without influence from surrounding buildings etc.; it is markedly less in the center
of a facade (e.g. 0.07 s/m); it may even be greater at exposed locations of a
building (near edges and corners).


If you have selected an inclination of 90° for your component, WUFI offers you
a few predefined rain coefficients: one for a low building and three for different
heights on a tall building. Advanced 3-D computational fluid dynamics
simulations of droplet flow have been used by [Karagiozis and Hadjisophocleous, 1997]
to determine these coefficients. Select the coefficients by clicking on the graphical
building symbols or by choosing them from the drop-down list.


Of course, you can also enter arbitrary rain coefficients in the text boxes. In
particular, you can use experimental values that have been measured for a
specific location.


If you have selected another inclination than 90°, the situation becomes too
complex to be cast into a simple multiple-choice option list. In this case WUFI
defaults to the rain coefficients R1=1 and R2=0 (i.e. rain load = normal rain).
It is then up to you to determine and enter appropriate rain coefficients. 
  


* Alternatively, the driving rain load on a vertical wall can be estimated with the method of ASHRAE Standard 160P "Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings" (Draft July 2006):

[[Bild:DialogSchlagregenkoeffizienten_en_02.gif]]

This method uses the relation


 Driving rain load = rain · FE · FD
· 0.2 s/m · wind speed,


where 'rain' is the rainfall intensity on a horizontal surface in mm/h and
'wind speed' is that component of the mean wind velocity (measured at a height of 10 m,
in open area), which is orthogonal to the building surface. This component is
determined from the mean wind velocity and the mean wind direction.


The value 0.2 s/m is an empirical constant. The rain exposure factor
FE depends on the surrounding terrain and the height of the building.
ASHRAE Standard 160P recommends the following values:

<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="CENTER">Terrain:</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="20"> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="10"> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">open</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10"> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">medium</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10"> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">sheltered</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">Height < 10 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.3</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.0</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">0.7</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">10 - 15 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.3</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.1</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">0.8</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">15 - 20 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.4</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.2</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">0.9</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">20 - 30 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.3</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">30 - 40 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.4</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.2</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">40 - 50 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.3</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">> 50 m:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">1.5</TD>
</TABLE>

Open exposure also includes hilltops, coastal areas and funneled wind (e.g. from
tall buildings nearby). Sheltered exposure includes shelter from trees, nearby
buildings, or a valley.


The rain deposition factor FD describes the influences of the
building itself. ASHRAE Standard 160P prescribes the following estimated values:

<TABLE>
<TR><TD WIDTH="20"> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">Walls on a pitched roof building:</TD>
<TD WIDTH="20"> </TD>
<TD>FD = 0.5</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">Walls on a flat roof building:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>FD = 1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD> </TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT">Walls subject to rain runoff:</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>FD = 2</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

Rain runoff onto walls may occur from roofs or impermeable surfaces, such as windows. 
  

</LI>
</UL>


Note: Since most component surfaces - with the exception of unrendered masonry
and natural stone facades - only have a moderate water absorption, they cannot imbibe all
the offered water anyway. In these cases, an exact knowledge of the driving rain quantity
is not essential (whereas the duration of the rain is still important) and fairly plausible
estimates for the driving rain load are usually sufficient (the same is true for the
<A HREF="RainReductionFactor.htm">rain reduction factor</A>).


Version notice: in WUFI light and WUFI ORNL/IBP no user-defined
driving rain coefficients R1 and R2 can be entered. In WUFI light the driving rain load
estimate according to ASHRAE Standard 160P is not available, in WUFI ORNL/IBP it can only
be used with predefined parameters.

1D:Dialog Orientation - Versionsgeschichte

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

Barbara: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

Len am 15. September 2008 um 14:31 Uhr

Len: /* Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height */

Len am 15. September 2008 um 14:28 Uhr

Len: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: = Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height = Bild:DialogOrientierung_03.gif This dialog panel serves to define the orientation, inclination and positioning ...

Len: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: = Dialog: Orientation / Inclination / Height = Bild:DialogOrientierung_03.gif
This dialog panel serves to define the orientation, inclination and positioning ...