Passive:First Steps

Example Case
This example will give you an easy step by step guide on how to input a new case in WUFI®Passive. It will be a very easy case and is inspired by the introduction movie. For more advanced stuff, go to the advanced example.

Step Zero: Case 1

In contrast to WUFI®Plus, this section does not contain any essential data but you can name your project and add some remarks.

Figure 1: Case 1

Step One: Climate and Localization

Figure 2: Climate

WUFI Passive's standard climate is the German reference climate as in DIN 4108-6 but we will use a different climate, in our case it will be from Hannover. To input a new climate dataset select the "user defined" scope and press the browse button. After you input valid data, the climate tab will display information for temperature and radiation. Remember that WUFI®Passive needs a special format of climate files which you can see in the previous link or in this movie.

Step Two: Building geometry

There are 3 ways to define a building in WUFI®Passive, the easiest one being the building wizard for very simple buildings or spaces. The other two ways are vertices and Sketchup, which work way better if you want to build a more complex building.
For our example we will use a simple room with an unheated attic and a slab on grade.

We will add 4 windows on the south facade using the visualization box in the bottom left corner. Click the orange boxed "Windows/openings" button and a new page will appear. Click the green boxed button "Edit List" and insert the windows as seen in the picture.

Be aware that the coordinate system of the chosen wall starts in the bottom left and the X’ – axis is the orientation of the window in horizontal direction and the Y’ – axis in vertical direction.
There is also a movie about this topic.
A door in the north wall can be implemented almost the same way. Turn the building in the visualization box, create a "window" just like before and afterwards right click the new element and change its properties to opaque.

To clarify this is an exterior door, click on "Component 5" in the tree (if you are looking at the door in the visualization box, it will be red edged) and make a check on the "exterior door" option.

Step Three: Options for the passive house

Next click on the "PH case:" section on the tree. Per default its value is "residential" and we will not change anything in the "General" tab here. Instead we will go to "Additional data" and input the values boxed in blue in the picture.

Only two values are needed here

Other than that we will not change any standard values. We will proceed to the next section: "Foundation interface" where we will fill in additional values.

Again only two values

Step Four: Zonal data

In this section we will define the TFA and the gross volume of our building. In the green box we define the specific heat capacity of our wall; in this case our wall is massive.

Zonal values

Step Five: Defining the components

Naming the visualized components

The next subsection is all about the components and their assemblies. First we click on "Visualized components" and name each component.
Then we define the assemblies of all components and we will start with the exterior wall as described in this movie.
Therefor we click on "Component 3:ext. wall" and then on the subsection "assembly" and then on the red circled "Edit" button.

A new window will pop-up, where you can define the assembly. As seen in the video, we will construct a rear wall with wooden beams in it. First we will name our assembly and then search for our needed materials by clicking on "New".

In the material database we will chose the "Wooden materials;Boards" section and define the first layer of our wall.

The add button

The next layer then will be an insulation material. In this layer are the interupting beams, so click on the "Add" button and you will get to the material database again. Select your beam material (in this case it is "Spruce, radial", which you can find in the "Wooden materials;Boards" section) and then the raster of the timber beams by creating new sections in the horizontal section. Then click on the spruce in the "exchange materials" box and click on the respective section as seen in the picture below.

Define then the remaining layers so that the assembly consists of following materials:

Assembly of the exterior wall

Material	λ [W/mK]	Thickness [m]
AGEPAN DWD protect	0,082	0,016
Mineral Wool (heat cond.: 0,04 W/mK)	0,04	0,05
Oriented Strand Board (density 615 kg/m³)	0,13	0,015
Mineral Wool (heat cond.: 0,04 W/mK)	0,04	0,05
Oriented Strand Board (density 615 kg/m³)	0,13	0,015
Gypsum Board	0,2	0,01

In the second layer of mineral wool more wooden beams are inserted. This time add three horizontal divisions with the dimensions 0,03 , 0,37 and 0,03. Fill in the spruce in both small gaps.
Back in the WUFI window, you have to assign the assembly to the respective component. The assign button is right beneath the edit button we used before.
You can also use predefined or save your own assemblies here or by clicking the "Select from database" button right next to the "Edit" button we used earlier. This comes in handy if you want to use the same assembly at different projects.

Now it is time to define the other components as well;

Ceiling				Bottom Plate				Exterior Door
Material	λ	Thickness		Material	λ	Thickness		Material	λ	Thickness
Mineral Wool (heat cond.: 0,04 W/mK)	0,04	0,3		PVC Roof Membrane	0,16	0,001		EPS (heat cond.: 0.04 W/mK - density: 30kg/m³)	0,04	0,05
Concrete, w/c=0.5	1,6	0,1		EPS (heat cond.: 0.04 W/mK - density: 30kg/m³)	0,04	0,25
				Concrete, w/c=0.5	1,6	0,2

Ceiling

Bottom plate

Exterior door

Windows

For this example, a predefined window is used. More about implementing windows and their settings can be seen in this video.

The example 2 windows are predefined windows from the WUFI®Passive database and easy to find.

Step Six: Interior Walls

In this simple building, there is only one interior wall. Click on the "Not visualized components" part of the tree and input the data as seen in the picture below.

For advanced users: It is also possible to change its orientation and inclination as well as the attached zones. If doing the latter, this component has to be defined the same way as the visualized components.

Step Seven: Inner Loads

Inner loads with respective values

The next step is the implementation of inner loads. Click on the "Inner Loads/Occupancy" section in the tree and add the following appliances with its data into the list:

Appliance	Quantity	Energy demand[kWh/use] or [kWh/day]	Additional Info
Kitchen - dishwasher	1	1,1	DHW connection
Kitchen - fridge/freeze combo	1	1,2	-
Kitchen - cooktop	1	0,3	Cooking with electricity
Laundry - Washer	1	1,1	DHW connection
Laundry - Dryer	1	3,5	Remaining Dampness: 40 / Clothesline

WUFI also has a standard dataset with different settings as well as the possibility to input completely different appliances with a "user defined" option.

Step Eight: Implementing the ventilation

In this section different utilization patterns may be set up to assign to each room. In this case only one pattern will be defined and then used on every room. Click on the "New" button and then input the ventilation pattern as seen on the picture.

To apply this pattern to each room, click on the "Rooms ventilation" tab and then add four rooms: one kitchen, bathroom, shower and WC by pressing the "New" button on the right and then choosing the respective scope in the "Room type" section or just click on the "Standard dataset" button (boxed green). Then chose the desired pattern for each room in the "Utilization pattern" section of the table, in this case "Pattern 1: Example pattern".
Each room has a predefined value of exhaust air of the design volume flow rate, but for this example use the values for exhaust and supply air as seen in the picture. To design a balanced system, the total of the supply air should equal the total of the exhaust air.

Each room also has its own "Additional data" section where the area of the room and its clear room height may be added. For this example, use the values as seen in the table below:

	Kitchen	Bathroom	Shower	WC
Area [m²]	20	12	7	6
Clear room height[m]	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5

The last step regarding ventilation will be to add mechanical ventilation during summer. Therefore, click on the "Summer ventilation" tab and input a 0,3 ACH as seen in the picture.

Step Nine: Thermal Bridges

Thermal brigdes have an underestimated influence on energy performance and are found in every building. In our example building there is only one so add it by clicking on the "Thermal bridges" section in the tree and then on the "New" button on the right side. The thermal bridge has a linear thermal transmittance of 0,04 W/mK and is 42 meters long.

Step Ten: Connection with the unheated attic

For simplicity of this example, the attic is unheated and non-vented but does have a temperature difference reduction factor of 75%.

Step Eleven: Adding the HVAC systems

Choosing a predefined system or define your own

The last thing to add is the HVAC system. WUFI®Passive allows multiple systems with different devices and also has two predefined systems, one for ventilation and one for DHW supply. In this example a user defined systems with one heat pump and one mechanical ventilation unit will be defined. The heat pump will be used for space heating and the DHW.

Two devices

Next up are the settings for the heating, DHW and ventilation distribution. For both hydronic heating and the DHW the required information lie in the data of its distribution pipes. Length, design flow temperature and possible heat losses need to be defined for the pipes. The screenshots of the hydronic heating on the DHW show the required data as well as the values used in this example.

Hydronic heating settings

DHW

Ventilation

The ventilation tab differs between exhaust and supply ducts and they both have to be defined manually. To do this press the "New" button twice and define one exhaust and one supply duct. The duct shape of both is "Round" and the supply duct length is one meter while the exhaust duct length is 3 meters. Both ducts then have to be assigned to a ventilation unit, in this case assign the "example ventilation". Next, define the duct width, insulation thickness and thermal conductivity (160,60,0,04 for both).
To finish the HVAC systems, both devices' efficiency and assignments must be defined. For the heat pump, click on Device 1: Heat pump. For simplicity reasons, the type of the device is "heat pump". In this option only the annual coefficient of perfomance and the perfomance ratio of the heat generator must be input into WUFI®Passive. Use the values given in the picture.

The example ventilation unit requires more data, such as HRV/ERV and electric efficiency and which rooms are ventilated by it. The exact values used in this example case can also be seen in the corresponding picture.

Ventilation unit

Heat pump

Step Twelve: Getting within the passive house requirements

After performing the last steps, WUFI®Passive should give out results. If there is any necessary data missing or erroneous, WUFI will show a warning here. By double clicking on it, you jump to the cause of the error.
Unfortunately the results in this case will be unsatisfying regarding the heating demand and the heating load.

To solve this problem we will use a different assembly for our exterior wall:

Material	λ[W/mK]	Thickness[m]
Cement Line Plaster(stucco,A-value:2,0/m2h0.5)	0,8	0,02
EPS(heat cond.: 0.04 W/mK - density: 15kg/m³)	0,04	0,4
Concrete, w/c=0,05	1,6	0,15
Interior Plaster (Gypsum Plaster)	0,1	0,015

And voilá: